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The baritone voice is typically written in the range from the second G below middle C to the G above middle C (G2-G4) although it can be extended at either end. However, the baritone voice is determined not only by its vocal range, but also by its timbre, which tends to be darker than that of the typical tenor voice.〔Pinksterboer, Hugo, (''The Singing Voice: The Complete Guide'' ), Music Dispatch, 2008, p. 55.〕 The term ''baritone'' was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices, where the classification is based not merely on the singer's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice. For classical and operatic singers, their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization. In non-classical music, singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender and not by their vocal range.〔Axelrod, Alan, (''The complete idiot's guide to jazz'' ), Alpha Books, 1999, pp. 68–69 (ISBN 0028627318). See also Tarasti, Eero, (''Signs of music: a guide to musical semiotics'' ), Walter de Gruyter, 2002, pp. 157–178 (ISBN 3110172267)〕 When the terms ''soprano'', ''mezzo-soprano'', ''contralto'', ''tenor'', ''baritone'', and ''bass'' are used as descriptors of non-classical voices, they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer's perceived vocal range. Successful non-classical baritones display a wide range of vocal qualities and effects that lend a unique character to their voices, many of which are considered undesirable in the operatic or classical baritone singer, such as "breathy" (Jim Reeves),〔Laird, Tracey E. W., (''Louisiana hayride: radio and roots music along the red river'' ), by Oxford University Press US, 2005, p. 115〕 "crooning" (Ville Valo),〔Cray, Jen, (Review: H.I.M. with Skindred and Finch ), ''Ink19'', November 2005.〕 "gritty" (Al Green),〔Werner, Craig Hansen, (''A change is gonna come: music, race & the soul of America'' ), University of Michigan Press, 2006, p. 180〕 "growling" (Neil Diamond),〔Jackson, Laura, ''Neil Diamond: His Life, His Music, His Passion'',. ECW Press, 2005, p. 155〕 and even "ragged" (Bruce Springsteen).〔Gardner, Elysa, (Jersey son Springsteen hosts 'the ultimate party' ), USA Today, 15 July 2003.〕 The following is a list of singers in various music genres and styles (most of which can be found on the List of popular music genres)〔For a detailed description of the differences between the operatic and musical theatre voice see Björkner, Eva, (''Why so different? Aspects of voice characteristics in operatic and musical theatre singing'' ), KTH School of Computer Science and Communication, 2006 (ISBN 9171785183)〕 who have been described as baritones. Additionally, the bands that they have been lead singers of appear in parentheses. image:JohnnyCash1969.jpg|Johnny Cash Image:David bowie 05061978 01 150.jpg|David Bowie Image:Dgahan.jpg|Dave Gahan Image:Trentreznorcc.jpg|Trent Reznor Image:Elvis Presley promoting Jailhouse Rock.jpg|Elvis Presley Image:Jimi Hendrix 1967 uncropped.jpg|Jimi Hendrix ==List of names== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of baritones in non-classical music」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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